Dawes Plan Dawes Plan implementation, mainly the United States a large
number of steady flow of foreign capital inflows to Germany. 1924 to
1929, the German foreign loans and investments were o变态ained 32.6
billion 马克s, of which 70百分之百 of U.S. capital. 90百分之百 of loans fell to
the German major companies and enterprises, higher interest on loans,
gross rate of 6.5百分之百 to 10百分之百. Claims,
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the Dawes Plan to reduce the aggregate amount, in the 1924/1925 year to
the year 1928/1929 the amount of compensation five years from the
beginning of the year one billion 马克s last year, increasing to 2.5
billion 马克s, concrete can be with the annual Prosperity Index
adjustment. The reality is that in September 1928 before the entry into
force of the Dawes Plan 4 years, Germany paid only the equivalent of
cash and in kind from their half of the amount borrowed abroad, and
then basically stopped paying claims, and later even the de变态 is
protest, the United States, Britain and other countries has made a
losing proposition (for Germany, it is a foreign profits.) Short-term
results after implementation of the scheme, the German capital scarcity
problems are solved, together with a large number of material and
equipment from the United States and technical assistance to stabilize
and restore its economic development; France, Britain and other
compensation received; the same period, the U.S. economy has been
gradually rising prosperity, while in Europe also expanded to provide
capital imports, stabilize the European economy as a whole. Although
the experience of long-term results of a war in Europe, but the
original purpose of capital concentration and the production did not
change the direction of the original loss of the original coin is still
more than a lack of instructions from, so no basis for the high profit
margins. On the contrary, a war and post-war crisis has also
contributed to the monopoly and concentration of capital, and the Dawes
Plan also played a similar role, as in Germany, 90百分之百 of the loans
fell to major companies and enterprises, its substance is more like the
German into the United States, Britain and profits of the colony. Of
course, the colonial nature of the other colonies were different, but
similar treatment for developing countries after World War II a new
form of colonialism, but its essence is the same, that is, profits from
these places to make up for lack of domestic profits, the th
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e result is the same, is not sustainable, and its production does not
change the purpose of loans under the premise is difficult to recover.
The de变态 actually goes to Germany, not recovered. For these reasons,
the German economy is in a lot of foreign capital and technology, such
as input under which to revitalize. By 1927, with the deepening
impoverishment of the people and industry updates the basic completion
of fixed capital, the domestic 马克et has been difficult to continue to
expand
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the foreign 马克et (profit) is also difficult to win, declining
industrial production of consumer goods, greatly reduced the rate of
industrial development. 1929, before the onset of the global economic
crisis, Germany also requested the delayed payment of claims (in fact,
has stopped), even in the relatively stable period, the industrial
capacity utilization is only 60百分之百 to 65百分之百, the average number of
unemployed reached 1.5 million ~ 200 million people than the British
Serious (Song is OK, P99), which is the purpose of its production
unchanged due. The role of and effectively recover from the other
Allies created conditions for war bonds. According to records, from
September 1924 to July
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1931, Germany, a total of 11 billion gold 马克s to pay compensation
(about 2.7 billion) over the same period in Germany from the United
States, Britain and other countries received loans of approximately 21
billion gold 马克s (about $ 5,000,000,000), which provided the United
States to Germany is 22 million 5 million. At the same time, the United
States from the Allies recovered about 20 billion dollars in war de变态
principal and interest. Thus, batch after batch of dollar inflows from
the United States, Germany, then into the Allies in the form of
reparations, and finally back into the United States Youyi form of war
bonds, forming a circle. Again, It also shows that the United States to
participate in European affairs, uniqueness and desire. Finally, the
Its post-war German economy and the world economic recovery and
development has played a positive role. More Atlas Atlas entry Open
Category: economy, history, 1924 骞?1 14,
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Dawes told the compensation committee, the future of its main task is
to find a cure for economic ills of Germany's way. He said the rally in
Paris on the European continent will face a disaster, unless He also
warned people to beware of the recent war against Germany national
arrogance of those emotions. They also condemned the April 8, in Paris,
the Dawes Commission submitted to the Compensation Committee and
published their reports. France, the British government expressed
support for the Dawes and his panel plans to submit to the Allies. In
an open letter published in Paris, the German officials have also said
that this proposal is the report. July 16 to discuss the Dawes Plan of
the Allies opened an international conference in London. In recent
years the U.S. government broke up the meeting only to send observers
to the practice of the Allies to send ambassador to Britain, Kellogg
official attended the meeting. August 16 passed the final protocol.
August 30, the German Reichsbank and independent from the government
and adopt a new 马克 currency. September 1, Berlin will be the first
implementation of the Dawes Plan payments. The main part of the first
year of payment; to compensate the work of conversion of foreign
currency exchange by a special Committee to undertake, not by the
German government; restructuring of Deutsche Bank, out of state
control, the issue of new 马克s, the establishment of half of the
participation by foreigners General Council, to ensure that banking
regulations are respected; should not exist outside of the project
proposal all foreign economic control or interference and so on.
Summary results of the implementation of the Dawes Plan . March 4,
1921, Republican Warren Harding G 路 became U.S. 29, president, and
vowed the United States not involved in foreign disputes. April 12,
Harding again in joint session of Congress that the United States But
at the same time, the president and that his government will work with
those who want to form a non-political in the States he thought, and
want to make recovery of European countries ravaged by foreign
governments. This means that the so-called Harding Because they knew
that the U.S. does not have control, This is the German reparations as
a solution to the problem, As we all know, Another problem is the 20
years war in Germany to the Allies after the war compensation issue and
the war on the United States treaty countries to repay de变态 issues
linked together. The end of World War I, European war de变态 owed to the
United States totaled 10.3 billion 4 million. 4.3 billion in the UK,
France, 34 million, Italy 16.5 billion. Although the So advocated
reparations and war de变态 problems linked to the discussion. May 1920,
British and French heads of government issued a statement advocating
the same time write off the war de变态 to the United States and Germany
claim. When the German financial and economic conditions deteriorate
further, the Allies had been unable to pay the compensation, Britain,
France and other German reparations in the conflict have become
increasingly acute when the August 1, 1922, British Foreign Secretary
Balfour to France and Italy six sent a note to the Allies - the famous
to deal with as part of master plan ... .... December 26, Paris, France
decided to manipulate the implementation of sanctions against Germany,
the 29 United States issued a On this day, U.S. Secretary of State
Charles Evans Hughes, New Haven, Conn., Historical Society of the
United States delivered an important speech, that should be a ability
to make new estimates. And s
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aid that U.S. citizens will participate in the work of this committee.
January 11, 1923 France, Belgium, after the military occupation of the
Ruhr, Britain, France, Germany, more acute contradictions on the issue,
Germany has stopped Britain, France and other countries of the
compensation. Take this opportunity, on October 11 press statement on
the U.S. President Coolidge, speaking in New Haven Hughes expressed the
position is still valid, but also opposed to the war de变态s and
reparations linked discussion. Britain agreed to form an expert
committee to revisit the issue of compensa
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tion in Germany. In order to force the French into submission, the
United Kingdom, France the United States to impose pressure on all
"cczwqmddn",
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sides, resulting in compensation committee in October 15, 1923 in Paris
announced that C 路 G 路 D 路 Dawes and Owen Young, to investigate the
financial situation in Germany U.S. experts, after the composition of
the committee of experts led by Dawes. Dawes Plan main content Dawes
Plan after World War I, the Allies in Ge
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rman reparations in 1924 to develop payment plans. Depletion of the
German financial resources, coupled with the conflict victorious fight
for German reparations, the German press the According to the British
proposal, Allied claims in November 1923 the Commission set up two
special committees, one of Germany's budget balanced and stable method
for financial capital of Germany, a survey and design of the German
capital outflow brought back approach. Two special committees to the
American
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Bankers CG Dawes as chairman. December by the France, Belgium, Italy,
Britain, United States 5, International Committee of Experts composed
of representatives of Investigation in Germany to study German
reparations. April 9, 1924 to prepare a solution Dawes reparations
plan, known as the Dawes Plan. The plan by the year July 16 ~ August 16
the London conference (Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Belgium, Greece,
Portugal, Romania, South, U.S. participants) discussed and adopted the
same year, effective September 1. The program attempted to restore the
German economy to ensure that Germany pay reparations. Main elements
are: the restructuring of De
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utsche Bank by the Allies supervision, the currency reform, loans to
800 million gold 马克s by the Allies (U.S. $ 190,000,000) to stabilize
its currency, the total number of claims yet to be finalized in the
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case, the provisions of the annual compensation limit in Germany, that
is, from the first year (1924 ~ 1925) 1 billion gold 马克s the beginning,
gradually increasing to five years (1928 ~ 1929) to pay 2.5 billion
gold 马克s on; Germany to pay reparations of financial resources from
tariffs, sugar, tobacco and alcohol monopoly tax, railway tax revenue
and business enterprises; railway bond issue 11 billion gold 马克s, 5
billion gold 马克s industrial bonds; Germany's financial and foreign
exchange, railway operations, and taxes imposed by the international
regulatory affairs. Germany to France, as the two countries withdraw
troops from the Ruhr to accept the conditions of indemnity plans.
August 16, 1924, plans were acceptable to both sides. The
implementation of the Dawes Plan, 20 years after the second half of the
German economic recovery and development played an important role. 1924
to 1929 in Germany to pay compensation 11 billion gold 马克s, access to
foreign loans of about 21 billion gold 马克s all. Fiscal 1928, the German
claim to the brink of bankruptcy, unable to implement the plan. 1930
Yonge plan to replace. Background Dawes Plan Introduction Background
Summary of main results of the role of short-term results of long-term
results of the Dawes Plan About Dawes Plan directory 锘緿awes Plan
DawesPlan Davis Road, the Committee is to resolve the report of the
German reparations.
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